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About children's sight
My son was written out glasses. He’s very active, I am afraid, that during game glasses can be broken and wound eyes.
Opinion rather distributed among parents. The matter is that the child in glasses is guided better so probability of a traumatism there is less.
My daughter have written out glasses, but she doesn’t want to carry it and all time removes. What can I do?
Most likely, glasses are written out incorrectly or has passed a lot of time between an extract of glasses and their purchase. It is necessary to check up conformity of the recipe to glasses and a refraction of the child. If it turns out nothing, it is possible to try to put on glasses on a wide pupil. It is necessary to remember that probably the child hesitates to wear glasses in children's collective. Then it is necessary to carry out conversation with the child. To show film about Harry Pottera and to pick up a corresponding frame.
Why do the doctors force to drip drops within several days before to write out glasses. Is it necessary?
To write out glasses to the child it is necessary to define precisely a refraction (optical properties of an eye) at the child. Exact definition is possible only at full deenergizing the muscles responsible for accommodation (process of focussing of images of the subjects located on different distances); it is possible only by long instillation of an atropine solution. We want to remind, that atropine is a toxic preparation and it is necessary to drip it, observing some rules. Some drops are impossible to drip successively. It is necessary to clamp internal (nasal) corner of palpebral fissure to prevent hit of atropine in plaintive ways and by that to avoid system effects. Keep atropine in a place inaccessible to children. If your child has casually drunk atropine, immediately address to the doctor!
My son was dripped the drops to look an eye grounds, then he could not write and read three days. Really there is no other method of survey of an eye grounds?
For survey of an eye grounds at children we use a mydriacyl solution 0.5 %, mydriacyl is the preparation of short action and is absolutely safe. However it doesn’t always approach for definition of a refraction with the purpose of an writing out of glasses. The wide pupil is kept till six hours.
My son is seven years old, time three in one year his eyes inflame. The doctor has prescribe antibacterial drops. But in the book on folk medicine it is recommended to wash out eyes broth of a camomile. I think so too, that natural preparations is better. How do you concern to this?
Really, the camomile possesses the expressed antibacterial properties, and it’s used long since for treatment of inflammatory diseases of various localizations. However as against classical antibacterial drops the structure of broth from a camomile includes set of substances which, having no medical effect, during too time can allergize an organism of the child and conjunctive can worsen only. There is a set of the eye preparations which are not cause any harm. Why not to use it?
What is the uveitis? That is the reason of its occurrence? Is it serious?
Uveitis is an inflammation of internal environments of an eye which can result to weak vision and blindness. Uveitis is always a serious disease. All children with uveitis should be under constant supervision of the ophthalmologist. The reasons of uveitis are various, this is an inflammation in additional bosoms of a nose, caries of a teeth, toxoplasmosis, a tuberculosis, a herpes and other activators. It’s very difficult to find the reason, complex inspection of the child is necessary. It is necessary to carry out actions for knocking over of sharp process and the prevention of relapses in cooperation with the doctor.
How is it better to drip drops to the small child? It is very difficult to open eyelids.
It is more convenient to open eyelids the thumb and the forefinger. It is necessary to undertake at the edge of an eyelid on the middle of a palpebral fissure. If the eyelid is wet and fingers slide off, put under it lumps of sterile cotton wool.
My daughter was diagnosed amblyopia. What is it? Is it possible to cure it surgically?
All time of development of the child from a birth and approximately till seven years, visual system develops. Every year visual acuity raises. For normal development of visual system is necessary one important condition. A precise projection of the perceived image to a special environment of an eye - a retina. If for any reasons the precise projection of the image is impossible, then the development of the visual analyzer stops. The brain starts to perceive the information only from that eye which is put in the best position, and the unsuccessful eye. This condition is called amblyopia, and such eye name "lazy". As a rule, such condition arises at a high long-sightedness when on the retina falls the absent-minded image. Such amblyopia is treated by means of full glass corrections of a long-sightedness and sticking up of the better seeing eye. Sticking up of an eye is necessary to put into operation a "lazy" eye. In our clinic we carry out in addition hardware treatment stimulating an lazy eye. The principle consists therein, that the child is offered to carry out in the playing form special visual exercises on a computer. Treatment is carried out under supervision of skilled expert - children's ophthalmologists. In treatment of amblyopia it is necessary to take into account specific features of disease at each child. You can address for additional consultations to doctors of our clinic.
My son (4 years old) was diagnosed the phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis. He was directed to phthisiopediatrician. What’s it for? He has a normal X-ray photography. He doesn’t cough at all?
Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis is the result of an increased sensitivity of an child’s organism to the tubercular infection. There are some children, as a rule they are children with the lymphatic diathesis, inclined to development of similar reactions. There are children, at which lymphatic bodies are frequently stricken(tonsil defeat, a plenty of increased lymph nodes, the big number of lymphocytes in blood), the face of such children is, as a rule, puffy, the fatty cellular tissue is friable. The disease is typical for children of younger age, it begins sharply. Both eyes are stricken, as a rule. The sharp photophobia is marked, the child cannot open an eye, the eyelids are hyperimate. Can appear erythematic spots (phlyctenas) on the eyelid’s skin of face and haired parts of a head. Is possible the cccurrence of disease after scheduled statement of Mantoux test. As a rule, it’s impossible to find something on the roentgenogram of the thorax organs at such children. It is connected thereby, that the tubercular infection at children can be located extrapulmonary or changes are so small, that are not reflected in the roentgenogram. It shouldn’t be afraid of it, because an outcome is, as a rule, favorable. Careful inspection at the phthisiatrician and supervision of the oculist is necessary. The phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis is treated by local and a general prescribing of desensitizing preparations and under indications specifically.
How frequently is it necessary to show the child to the ophthalmologist?
There are terms which are stipulated by special documents of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. We count, that it is better to do it between the first and second month of a life (survey of all structures of an eyeball and the additional organ, survey of an eye grounds). With 6 till 12 months of a life (all same + definition of a refraction). Till four years every year. Before school (6-7 years). Further in 10 and 14 years.
The child during game puts on the grandmother’s glasses; whether he can spoil his eyesight?
No.
My son constantly reads, besides for a long time sits at a computer. How to prevent development of disease of eyes?
Constant loading on the visual analyzer conducts to a constant pressure of the intraocular muscles responsible for focussing of an eye nearby. It results, that there can ensue a spasm of these muscles. This condition names a spasm of accommodation. At a spasm our eye is always adjusted on close distance, therefore there are complaints, characteristic for short-sightedness. The spasm of accommodation is the first stage on a way of development of short-sightedness, but it’s yet not a short-sightedness. For preventive measures of a spasm it is necessary to observe a mode of visual loadings which means alternation of work and rest. It is very useful after work on close distance of 10-15 minutes to look in a window at that to peer into the most removed objects. Walks and active games on air are useful. If nevertheless have appeared complaints to difficulty of a sight in a distance, discomfort, the child began to blink the eyes, address to the doctor - oculist. Remember: the spasm of accommodation can be cured. For treatment of a spasm of accommodation the complex of hardware and medicamentous treatment which cures the spasm and helps to prevent development of short-sightedness. In our clinic we use a method infrasonic massage ùà an eye developed on faculty of eye illnesses RSMU by professor Sidorenko E.I. in a complex with computer and medicamentous treatment. Infrasonic pneumomassage influences all groups of muscles of an eyeball, removes a spasm and eliminates weariness of eyes. We recommend massage and the adults constantly working at computer. Remember: preventive measures of short-sightedness is a preventive measures of a spasm of accommodation that is a first step on a way of development of short-sightedness.
The 3 monthly child constantly rubs his eyes. Can he damage his eyes?
It is necessary, at first, to find out the reason, why it arises. For this purpose it is better, you to address to the ophthalmologist. Influence by hands on eye won’t damage it.
Is it possible to call the children's oculist of your clinic to the house?
Yes for this purpose you only need to call in our clinic and the doctor will arrive to you home at any time convenient for you.
The doctor has prescribed the drops containing hormones. Is it harmful?
Drops operate basically only locally and do not take system collateral effect. As much as possible to prevent system effect right after instillation, clamp with sterile web plaintive points. For this purpose it is necessary to press down gently a wadded tampon in a corner of palpebral fissure on the nose side and to take so one two minutes. It promotes that the medicine will longer act on an eye and not to flow on plaintive ways to a nose and will not get in a system blood-groove. At not long application hormonal drops cannot take undesirable effects on an organism, besides the doze of it is smallest.
Why are the bright toys recommend?
When the child only was born, visual acuity of the child is very small. For the first year of a life visual acuity raises in hundreds times. In an eye for visual acuity answer (visual acuity - ability to distinguish a detail of the seen image, that oculists check at adults under tables with letters) special cells - conuses. Conuses are located basically in the central part of an eye grounds. At newborn the central part of an eye grounds is still very much undeveloped. Those sections of the visual analyzer located in a head brain which are responsible for perception and the analysis of the visual information are also not advanced. The matter is that all these structures are closely connected to other very important function of the visual analyzer - colour perception. All conuses don’t only simply transfer the seen image in a brain, but also inform on its color. So exist conuses responsible for red, green and dark blue colors. Everyone conus answers only for one color, then on complex ways it transfers the information in a brain, where take place it’s analyze, comparison with the information transferred from others conuses and perception. Development of all this system is possible only with constant presence adequate irritants from an environment, i.e. bright and color subjects. Therefore color toys promote normal development of colour sensation and visual acuity of your kid.
What color toys is necessary to buy for the child about one year?
First of all there should be red, yellow, orange and green colors. On the first and second month of a life above bed of the child it is necessary to hang up a garland of rattles. The arrangement of elements on a garland should be the following. In the middle - red, then orange, yellow, green and with edge - dark blue. Why do we take to dark blue color a "minor" role, and red we hang up in the center? The fact is that dark blue conuses (see the previous question) are absent in the center of an eye grounds, it is connected to presence there special xanthochromic pigment, serving for protection of the center of a retina against ultra-violet and dark blue light. The congestion of dark blue conuses is more on periphery. The periphery of a retina is responsible for sight in twilight (That is why dark blue color in twilight looks more brightly). Also other cells of a retina periphery - sticks participate in perception of a dark blue spectrum. Red conuses are mostly spread in the center of cell’s retinas of the person, they give the maximal visual acuity. Further go green conuses.
My child is only three months, and he already pays attention to the TV, whether it harmful?
At this age children are very curious and pay attention to all bright. Problems with the TV begin, when the child starts to go. Children teach very quickly to turn on the TV and like to examine it from close distance. Therefore try to protect the child from the TV.
How many is it possible to watch TV to the two-year-old child?
It is not necessary to watch TV more than hour successively. Distance up to the TV not less than three meters.
What books need to be bought to the child (9 months)?
It is necessary to buy books with the big bright pictures without fine details. Also there are books, which is possible to gnaw and wet.
Whether survey of the oculist is necessary if the child has hit a head?
Yes, survey is necessary for exception of damage of fabrics of an eye, haemorrhages in environments of an eye and for an estimation of a condition of the eye grounds, necessary for the neuropathologist for a choice of tactics.
My child has different pupils on width. Whether it is necessary to worry?
It can be caused by the several reasons. The width of a pupil depends on intensity of a light stream. The more light, the narrower pupils. Therefore if pupils of the different size it can be caused by the several reasons:

  • Wrong regulation of a muscle expanding of pupil
  • Defeat of a pupil (an inflammation and so forth)
  • Opacity of photoconductive environments (a crystalline lens, vitreous body, haemorrhages on a retina)
  • The defeat of the optic nerve interfering carrying out of the information on intensity of light which has arrived in an eye. All these reasons are serious. Address to your doctor.
Is it necessary to give the child as preventive maintenance special vitamins or biologically active additives for improvement of sight?
No! For all there should be indications.
What is astigmatism?
Present, that it is necessary for us to consider any subject by means of a lens. If the lens is made correctly and turned precisely, it has equal curvature on all convex surface in any meridian (according to enclosed characteristics sheet), so we’ve luck and we shall easily cope with a task put by. Well and if optic has made a spoilage, and we have bought a curve lens which though increases, but deforms the image owing to different refracting force in different meridians, such state of affairs will hardly suit us, and we shall return it back in shop. The eye of the person is the whole system of lenses. But in this case it is not necessary for us to know all this system. We can easily assume, that there is only one lens in eye, which focuses the image on a retina (the special environment in an eye perceiving the visual information). So, if we want to see precisely world around, this lens should answer any certain standards. It should be the correct form, curvature in different meridians should not differ significantly. Refracting force in equidistant points from the center should be approximately identical. If it not so, such condition names astigmatism. What can we do? We cannot give our eye back just as we shall return a defective lens. There are some ways of astigmatism’s correction. Correction by glasses. Glasses which smooth the abnormality level of optical system of an eye. The second is contact lenses. Unfortunately it’s not possible to correct all kinds of astigmatism with glasses or lenses. There are also surgical methods of correction.
I and the my wife - short-sighted. What shell we do to escape the transfer of it to the child?
It is necessary to observe a mode of visual loadings.
How it is possible to improve sight to the child with albinism?
For improvement of sight and achievement of the maximal visual comfort are used glasses with yellowy-brown optical filters. Yellowy-brown glasses do not pass dark blue, violet and ultra-violet parts of a spectrum, than protect a retina of the child-albino. This protection is necessary because at albinism the child does not have pigment in a nervous tunic of eyeball which protects a retina from harmful influence of a ultra-violet dark blue spectrum. The given spectrum harmful operates especially on the central part of a retina where at norm there is a pigment protecting conuses (there’re not conuses there, perceiving dark blue color). Besides glasses with an optical filter reduce chromatic aberrations and thereby raise visual acuity. Reduce a photophobia. Glasses are selected individually with various percent of blackout. It is possible to pick up glasses with a yellowy-brown optical filter in our clinic.
How to cure nystagmus at the child with albinism?
Nystagmus at albinism is adaptive reaction, and it is connected with necessity to involve as much as possible photoreceptor cells in the visual act. As albinos do not have normal organization of the central part of an eye grounds which in norm is responsible for perception of details of seen objects, the visual system has to involve a lot of photoreceptor cell (sticks) by quickly rhythmical horizontal movement of eyes. So, for example, at some animals with albinism nystagmus is absent because their central part of a retina (macula) has the linear form. It is not necessary to treat nystagmus. However its amplitude can be reduced by assignment of eyeglass corrections with yellowy-brown optical filters. Reduction of nystagmus amplitude will testify in this case the increase of visual acuity.
In what situations it is necessary to prescribe glasses with optical filters?
Glasses with optical filters are necessary in situations when we want to protect a nervous tunic of eyeball from harmful influence of a undesirable spectrum of natural light. The indication are some kinds of dystrophies of a retina, aphakia (absence of a crystalline lens), a photophobia.
My child has a squint converging. He was written out glasses +1.5 on both eyes. Glasses do not improve the sight. Why should he carry it?
Obligatory condition of treatment of concomitant strabismus is a good optical correction. In this case glasses are prescribed for unloading accommodation, instead of for increase of visual acuity. We are solidary with your doctor.
My child has the big eyes (1.5 months). Is it a pathology?
The newborn child has normally diameter of a cornea 9 mm, in one year diameter increases up to 10 mm. The big diameter of a cornea can be a variant of norm, and can be and a symptom of serious disease - a congenital glaucoma. Please, address faster to the doctor.
Is it true, that the small child sees all turned?
Falls! Really, sometimes such opinion can be read in popular editions for parents. This opinion is based that the image on a retina of an eye turns out turned (top varies on a bottom, and left on the right). We see the world such it is, due to our brain, the image back. If the child saw the world turned, he would watch not a subject, and would turn a head in other side. However it not so. And whence could appear such opinion? It’s extremely difficult to check it, and if authors of such statements remember themselves at such age, they can, probably, still more to tell, but it should interest doctors of other speciality.
I’ve heard, that glasses in themselves promote the further deterioration of sight. Now sold many books with techniques on improvement of sight without glasses are. Also are popular glasses with holes. What is better?
Yes, really, sometimes it is possible to hear such things and not simply to hear, and to read in widely distributed printed editions. Such opinion is not simply erroneous, but harmful. It is necessary to remember, that the eye of the child develops and optical correction is necessary for normal development. Let's not experiment on own children.
Is it harmful to dig frequently drip the drops expanding a pupil?
No! it is necessary to do it, if there are indications. It won’t be any harm from it at all.
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